California has implemented new regulations allowing law enforcement to issue tickets to autonomous vehicles for traffic violations, marking a significant shift in how driverless cars are held accountable. Previously, police faced challenges citing vehicles without human drivers, but the state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) now authorizes officers to issue a notice of noncompliance directly to the manufacturer. These rules take effect on July 1 as part of broader 2024 legislation designed to tighten oversight of autonomous technology. DMV Director Steve Gordon described the measures as the most comprehensive regulations for autonomous vehicles (AVs) in the nation. Under the new framework, police can cite AV companies when their vehicles commit moving violations. Additionally, the regulations mandate that manufacturers respond to inquiries from police and emergency officials within 30 seconds and face penalties if their vehicles enter active emergency zones. The state aims to maintain its leadership in AV development while ensuring public safety through these updated protocols. The move comes after several high-profile incidents highlighted the regulatory gaps. In September, police in San Bruno observed a Waymo vehicle making an illegal U-turn. Although officers stopped the car, they could not issue a ticket because no driver was present to receive it, forcing them to contact the company instead. Another notable event occurred in December when a massive blackout in San Francisco left numerous Waymo vehicles stranded in busy intersections, exacerbating traffic congestion and blocking emergency responders. The San Francisco Fire Department has repeatedly complained that robotaxis have obstructed emergency operations. Waymo, a primary operator of fully self-driving robotaxis in the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles County, was one of the companies involved in the cited incidents. Several other firms, including Tesla, also hold permits to test autonomous vehicles in various California cities. The BBC has reached out to both Waymo and Tesla for comment regarding the new requirements. US safety regulators have also recently contacted Tesla concerning erratic behavior reported in their robotaxis, adding to the scrutiny facing the industry. As autonomous technology becomes more prevalent, the state's new rules aim to provide a clear mechanism for enforcing traffic laws and ensuring that companies remain responsive to public safety needs. The ability to hold manufacturers directly accountable is expected to influence how these fleets operate and interact with traditional road users.