In its newly released "15th Five-Year Plan," China has reaffirmed its commitment to striving for global leadership in cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence and quantum technologies. The plan was recently approved and published, covering the implementation period from 2026 to 2030, serving as China's overarching blueprint for future development. Analysts note that this plan reflects a significant shift in China's technological policy mindset. Over the past five years, China focused primarily on "catching up" with the United States, whereas it now demonstrates strong confidence in competing for the position of a "true leader." To support this ambition, the government pledges substantial increases in R&D investment; scientific funding is projected to rise by 10 percent year-on-year to reach 426 billion yuan this year compared to 2025 levels. Technological strategy has been elevated to parity with national defense, economic growth, and international influence. The plan specifically emphasizes self-reliance and strength in science and technology, aiming to break through technical bottlenecks in critical areas including advanced semiconductor chips. It outlines plans to achieve breakthroughs across entire industrial chains in six domains: integrated circuits, machine tools, high-end instruments, foundational software, advanced materials, and bio-manufacturing—thereby mitigating risks associated with being technologically constrained ("chokehold" vulnerabilities). This assertive stance stems largely from Sino-US tech competition and seeks to accelerate domestic industrial capabilities. Regarding artificial intelligence, the plan proposes implementing an "AI Plus" national strategy, treating AI as a crucial strategic resource while emphasizing end-to-end supply chain security ranging from chip design to foundational software. Last year, the release of low-cost large-scale models by Chinese startup DeepShock stunned the global community, matching performance benchmarks set by U.S. industry giants and significantly boosting China's confidence in this field. Looking ahead, beyond advancing core R&D efforts, China also intends to proactively participate in shaping—and even setting—the rules governing global AI governance. Although specific details regarding so-called "unconventional measures" remain unspecified in the plan, external observers speculate these may include optimizing visa policies to attract foreign scientists. Additionally, accelerated progress will be pursued in other frontier sectors including biotechnology, neuroscience, and deep-space exploration.