### Abstract: Domestic Scholars' Contributions to High-Impact Journals (September-October 2023) From September to October 2023, domestic scholars from 18 institutions made significant contributions to the three highest-impact scientific journals—*Cell*, *Nature*, and *Science*. These contributions, totaling 39 articles, highlight advancements across a wide range of disciplines, including virology, immunology, materials science, and environmental studies. The summary below provides an overview of the key findings and their implications. #### Cell (7 Articles) 1. **Sun H, Li H, Tong Q, et al.** - **Airborne transmission of human-isolated avian H3N8 influenza virus between ferrets** (Cell, 2023, 186(19): 4074-4084) - **Institution:** China Agricultural University - **Summary:** This study investigates the airborne transmission of the H3N8 avian influenza virus isolated from humans in ferrets. The findings provide insights into the potential for this virus to spread between mammals, underscoring the need for enhanced surveillance and prevention measures. 2. **Yang M, Ong J, Meng F, et al.** - **Spatiotemporal insight into early pregnancy governed by immune-featured stromal cells** (Cell, 2023, 186(20): 4271-4288) - **Institution:** Peking University - **Summary:** Researchers from Peking University have mapped the spatiotemporal dynamics of immune-featured stromal cells during early pregnancy. The study reveals how these cells regulate the immune environment, contributing to a better understanding of pregnancy-related immunological processes. 3. **Wang Z, Wu Z, Wang H, et al.** - **An immune cell atlas reveals the dynamics of human macrophage specification during prenatal development** (Cell, 2023, 186(20): 4454-4471) - **Institution:** Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - **Summary:** This research presents a comprehensive immune cell atlas, focusing on the development and specification of human macrophages during the prenatal stage. The findings offer new insights into the immune system's role in fetal development and potential implications for prenatal health. 4. **Yu S, Lin Y, Li Y, et al.** - **Systemic immune profiling of Omicron-infected subjects inoculated with different doses of inactivated virus vaccine** (Cell, 2023, 186(21): 4615-4631) - **Institution:** Shanghai Jiao Tong University - **Summary:** The study examines the systemic immune response of subjects infected with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 who received different doses of inactivated virus vaccines. The results highlight the importance of vaccine dosage in achieving optimal immune protection. 5. **Chen Y, Hu S, Lin X, et al.** - **Host traits shape virome composition and virus transmission in wild small mammals** (Cell, 2023, 186(21): 4662-4675) - **Institution:** Fudan University - **Summary:** Researchers at Fudan University explore how host traits influence the composition of viral communities and the transmission of viruses in wild small mammals. This work is crucial for understanding the dynamics of viral infections in natural settings and for developing strategies to mitigate zoonotic risks. 6. **Lan Z, Song Z, Wang Z, et al.** - **Antagonistic RALF peptides control an intergeneric hybridization barrier on Brassicaceae stigmas** (Cell, 2023, 186(22): 4773-4787) - **Institution:** Peking University - **Summary:** This article details the role of two antagonistic RALF peptides in controlling the hybridization barrier on the stigmas of Brassicaceae plants. The findings enhance our understanding of plant reproductive mechanisms and could have applications in crop breeding. 7. **Chen J, Yu R, Li N, et al.** - **Amyloplast sedimentation repolarizes LAZYs to achieve gravity sensing in plants** (Cell, 2023, 186(22): 4788-4802) - **Institution:** Tsinghua University - **Summary:** The study investigates how amyloplast sedimentation in plant cells repolarizes LAZY proteins to enable gravity sensing. This research provides a mechanistic understanding of plant gravitropism, which is essential for plant growth and development. #### Nature (23 Articles) 1. **Zhou S, Shi J, Liu S, et al.** - **Visualizing interfacial collective reaction behaviour of Li-S batteries** (Nature, 2023, 621(7977): 75-81) - **Institution:** Xiamen University - **Summary:** This research uses advanced imaging techniques to visualize the collective reaction behavior at the interface of Li-S batteries. The findings could lead to the development of more efficient and durable battery technologies. 2. **Xu L, Wang M, Chen R, et al.** - **A new avialan theropod from an emerging Jurassic terrestrial fauna** (Nature, 2023, 621(7978): 336-343) - **Institution:** Fujian Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources - **Summary:** Scientists have discovered a new bird-like theropod dinosaur from a Jurassic terrestrial fauna in China. This discovery provides valuable insights into the evolution of avian theropods and the biodiversity of the Jurassic period. 3. **Zhou Z, Hou F, Huang X, et al.** - **Stack growth of wafer-scale van der Waals superconductor heterostructures** (Nature, 2023, 621(7979): 499-505) - **Institution:** Nanjing University - **Summary:** Researchers at Nanjing University have developed a method for the stack growth of wafer-scale van der Waals superconductor heterostructures. This breakthrough could advance the field of superconductivity and its applications in electronics. 4. **Cui Y, Hada K, Kawashima T, et al.** - **Precessing jet nozzle connecting to a spinning black hole in M87** (Nature, 2023, 621(7980): 711-715) - **Institution:** Zhejiang Lab - **Summary:** This study uses observational data to analyze the precessing jet nozzle of a spinning black hole in the M87 galaxy. The findings contribute to our understanding of black hole dynamics and the behavior of astrophysical jets. 5. **Wang C, Zheng X, Zhang J, et al.** - **CD300ld on neutrophils is required for tumour-driven immune suppression** (Nature, 2023, 621(7980): 830-839) - **Institution:** Fudan University - **Summary:** Researchers at Fudan University have identified the role of CD300ld on neutrophils in tumor-driven immune suppression. This discovery could lead to new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. 6. **Yuan L, Ma X, Yang Y, et al.** - **Phosphoantigens glue butyrophilin 3A1 and 2A1 to activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells** (Nature, 2023, 621(7980): 840-848) - **Institution:** Tsinghua University - **Summary:** This study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which phosphoantigens activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells through the interaction with butyrophilin 3A1 and 2A1. The findings have implications for immunotherapy and infectious disease treatment. 7. **Gong Q, Wang Y, He L, et al.** - **Molecular basis of methyl-salicylate-mediated plant airborne defence** (Nature, 2023, 622(7981): 139-148) - **Institution:** Tsinghua University - **Summary:** The research uncovers the molecular basis of plant defense mechanisms mediated by methyl salicylate, a volatile organic compound. The findings could lead to new strategies for enhancing plant resistance to pathogens. 8. **Lv H, Xie N, Li M, et al.** - **DNA-based programmable gate arrays for general-purpose DNA computing** (Nature, 2023, 622(7982): 292-300) - **Institution:** Shanghai Jiao Tong University - **Summary:** This article describes the development of DNA-based programmable gate arrays, which could revolutionize DNA computing by enabling more complex and general-purpose operations. 9. **Duan Y, Zhou H, Liu X, et al.** - **Molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 resistance to nirmatrelvir** (Nature, 2023, 622(7982): 376-382) - **Institution:** ShanghaiTech University - **Summary:** The study investigates the molecular mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2's resistance to nirmatrelvir, an antiviral drug. The findings are crucial for developing more effective antiviral therapies. 10. **Yang B, Zhang Z, Liu P, et al.** - **Flatband λ-Ti₃O₅ material towards extraordinary solar steam generation** (Nature, 2023, 622(7983): 499-506) - **Institution:** Northeastern University - **Summary:** This research introduces a flatband λ-Ti₃O₅ material that can achieve highly efficient solar steam generation. The material has potential applications in water purification and energy production. 11. **Lei T, Wang D, Yu X, et al.** - **Global iron and steel plant CO₂ emissions and carbon-neutrality pathways** (Nature, 2023, 622(7983): 514-520) - **Institution:** Tsinghua University - **Summary:** The study provides a detailed analysis of CO₂ emissions from global iron and steel plants and explores pathways to achieve carbon neutrality. The findings are essential for addressing climate change and reducing industrial emissions. 12. **Peng Q, Yuan B, Cheng J, et al.** - **Molecular mechanism of de novo replication by the Ebola virus polymerase** (Nature, 2023, 622(7983): 603-610) - **Institution:** University of Chinese Academy of Sciences - **Summary:** Researchers have uncovered the molecular mechanism by which the Ebola virus polymerase initiates replication. This knowledge is critical for developing antiviral drugs and vaccines. 13. **Ni C, Chen D, Yin Y, et al.** - **Shape memory polymer with programmable recovery onset** (Nature, 2023, 622(7984): 748-753) - **Institution:** Zhejiang University - **Summary:** This article presents a new shape memory polymer with a programmable recovery onset time. The material has potential applications in smart textiles and medical devices. 14. **Ma S, Chen M, Jiang Y, et al.** - **Sustained antidepressant effect of ketamine through NMDAR trapping in the LHb** (Nature, 2023, 622(7984): 802-809) - **Institution:** Zhejiang University - **Summary:** The study reveals the mechanism by which ketamine exerts a sustained antidepressant effect through the trapping of NMDA receptors in the lateral habenula. This finding could lead to new treatments for depression. 15. **Zhang F, Zhang B, Wang Y, et al.** - **An extra-erythrocyte role of haemoglobin body in chondrocyte hypoxia adaption** (Nature, 2023, 622(7984): 834-841) - **Institution:** Air Force Medical University - **Summary:** Researchers have discovered an extra-erythrocyte role of haemoglobin body in the hypoxia adaptation of chondrocytes. The findings could have implications for the treatment of cartilage-related diseases. 16. **Chen Y, Nazhamaiti M, Xu H, et al.** - **All-analog photoelectronic chip for high-speed vision tasks** (Nature, 2023, 623(7985): 48-57) - **Institution:** Tsinghua University - **Summary:** This research introduces an all-analog photoelectronic chip designed for high-speed vision tasks. The chip has potential applications in robotics and autonomous systems. 17. **Shan K, Lin Y, Chu P, et al.** - **Seasonal advance of intense tropical cyclones in a warming climate** (Nature, 2023, 623(7985): 83-89) - **Institution:** Tsinghua University - **Summary:** The study predicts the seasonal advance of intense tropical cyclones due to global warming. The findings are important for climate modeling and disaster preparedness. 18. **Ge R, Wilde S A, Zhu W, et al.** - **Earth's early continental crust formed from wet and oxidizing arc magmas** (Nature, 2023, 623(7986): 334-339) - **Institution:** Nanjing University - **Summary:** This research provides evidence that Earth's early continental crust was formed from wet and oxidizing arc magmas. The findings contribute to our understanding of Earth's geological history. 19. **Huang Z, Bai Y, Huang X, et al.** - **Anion–π interactions suppress phase impurities in FAPbI₃ solar cells** (Nature, 2023, 623(7987): 531-537) - **Institution:** Peking University - **Summary:** The study investigates how anion-π interactions can suppress phase impurities in FAPbI₃ solar cells, leading to improved performance and stability. The findings could advance the development of next-generation solar cells. 20. **Jiang J, Zhou T, Qian Y, et al.** - **A chlorophyll c synthase widely co-opted by phytoplankton** (Science, 2023, 382(6666): 92-98) - **Institution:** Westlake University - **Summary:** This research identifies a chlorophyll c synthase that is widely used by phytoplankton. The enzyme's function and distribution could have implications for marine ecology and photosynthesis studies. 21. **Xiao N, Xu S, Li Z, et al.** - **A single photoreceptor splits perception and entrainment by cotransmission** (Nature, 2023, 623(7987): 562-570) - **Institution:** Peking University - **Summary:** The study reveals how a single photoreceptor can split perception and entrainment through cotransmission. The findings enhance our understanding of photoreceptor function and circadian rhythm regulation. 22. **Gao X, Shang K, Zhu K, et al.** - **Nucleic acid-triggered NADase activation of a short prokaryotic Argonaute** (Nature, 2023, 623(7987): 202-206) - **Institution:** Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - **Summary:** This research elucidates the mechanism by which nucleic acid triggers NADase activation in a short prokaryotic Argonaute protein. The findings could have implications for RNA interference and gene regulation. 23. **Sun S, Li J, Wang S, et al.** - **CHIT1-positive microglia drive motor neuron aging in the primate spinal cord** (Nature, 2023, 623(7987): 458-464) - **Institution:** Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - **Summary:** The study identifies CHIT1-positive microglia as key players in motor neuron aging in the primate spinal cord. The findings could lead to new interventions for neurodegenerative diseases. #### Science (9 Articles) 1. **Luo Y, Li Y, Wu J, et al.** - **Oxidative addition of an alkyl halide to form a stable Cu(III) product** (Science, 2023, 381(6662): 1072-1079) - **Institution:** Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences - **Summary:** This research describes a novel method for the oxidative addition of alkyl halides to form stable Cu(III) products. The findings could have implications for organic synthesis and catalysis. 2. **Li Y, Liu S, Zhou K, et al.** - **Neuromedin U programs eosinophils to promote mucosal immunity of the small intestine** (Science, 2023, 381(6663): 1189-1196) - **Institution:** Westlake University - **Summary:** The study investigates how the neuropeptide Neuromedin U programs eosinophils to enhance mucosal immunity in the small intestine. The findings could lead to new treatments for intestinal diseases. 3. **Zhang W, Yao P, Gao B, et al.** - **Edge learning using a fully integrated neuro-inspired memristor chip** (Science, 2023, 381(6663): 1205-1211) - **Institution:** Tsinghua University - **Summary:** Researchers at Tsinghua University have developed a fully integrated, neuro-inspired memristor chip for edge learning. The chip has potential applications in artificial intelligence and machine learning. 4. **Chen G, Chen C, Guo Y, et al.** - **Solid-solvent processing of ultrathin, highly loaded mixed-matrix membrane for gas separation** (Science, 2023, 381(6664): 1350-1356) - **Institution:** Nanjing Tech University - **Summary:** This study introduces a solid-solvent processing method for the fabrication of ultrathin, highly loaded mixed-matrix membranes used in gas separation. The membranes could improve the efficiency and selectivity of gas separation processes. 5. **Li F, Liu S, Liu W, et al.** - **3D printing of inorganic nanomaterials by photochemically bonding colloidal nanocrystals** (Science, 2023, 381(6665): 1468-1474) - **Institution:** Tsinghua University - **Summary:** The research describes a 3D printing technique for inorganic nanomaterials using photochemical bonding of colloidal nanocrystals. The method could have wide-ranging applications in nanotechnology and materials science. 6. **Jiang Y, Cao T, Yang Y, et al.** - **A chlorophyll c synthase widely co-opted by phytoplankton** (Science, 2023, 382(6666): 92-98) - **Institution:** Westlake University - **Summary:** This article, also published in *Nature*, highlights the discovery of a chlorophyll c synthase widely used by phytoplankton. The enzyme's function and distribution could have implications for marine ecology and photosynthesis studies. 7. **Pan Q, Yang M, Feng R, et al.** - **Atomic faulting induced exceptional cryogenic strain hardening in gradient cell-structured alloy** (Science, 2023, 382(6667): 185-190) - **Institution:** Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences - **Summary:** The study investigates the mechanism of atomic faulting that leads to exceptional cryogenic strain hardening in gradient cell-structured alloys. The findings could advance the development of high-performance materials for extreme conditions. 8. **Zhang Y, Wang H, Guo J, et al.** - **Ice-confined synthesis of highly ionized 3D-quasilayered polyamide nanofiltration membranes** (Science, 2023, 382(6667): 202-206) - **Institution:** Harbin Institute of Technology - **Summary:** This research presents a new method for the ice-confined synthesis of highly ionized 3D-quasilayered polyamide nanofiltration membranes. The membranes could enhance water purification and filtration technologies. 9. **Wen L, Ding J, Duan L, et al.** - **Multiplicative enhancement of stereoenrichment by a single catalyst for deracemization of alcohols** (Science, 2023, 382(6669): 458-464) - **Institution:** Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences - **Summary:** The study describes a single catalyst that can achieve multiplicative enhancement of stereoenrichment in the deracemization of alcohols. The findings could have significant implications for chiral synthesis and pharmaceutical applications. ### Conclusion The contributions from domestic scholars to *Cell*, *Nature*, and *Science* during September and October 2023 reflect a broad spectrum of scientific advancements. These studies not only enhance our understanding of fundamental biological, chemical, and physical processes but also offer practical applications in fields such as healthcare, environmental science, and technology. The collaboration and innovation demonstrated in these articles underscore the growing influence and capability of Chinese research institutions in addressing global scientific challenges.