Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are computing systems consisting of multiple agents interacting in an environment. These agents can communicate, collaborate, or compete with each other to solve complex problems. Each agent is an autonomous, reactive, social, and active entity that can independently perceive the environment, make decisions, and perform actions in a dynamic environment.

MAS can also be used to solve problems that are difficult to solve with separate agents or single-layer systems. Intelligence can be implemented by some methods, functions, processes, search algorithms or reinforcement learning. Multi-agent systems have been applied in various fields, including smart grids, smart transportation, autonomous driving, military cluster systems, etc.