Chai Discovery Team

Abstract
Despite breakthroughs in protein design enabled by artificial intelligence, reliably designing
functional antibodies from scratch has remained an elusive challenge. Recent works show promise but
still require large-scale experimental screening of thousands to millions of designs to reliably identify
hits. In this work, we introduce Chai-2, a multimodal generative model that achieves a 16% hit rate in
fully de novo antibody design, representing an over 100-fold improvement compared to previous computational methods. We prompt Chai-2 to design ≤20 antibodies or nanobodies to 52 diverse targets,
completing the workflow from AI design to wet-lab validation in under two weeks. Crucially, none of
these targets have a preexisting antibody or nanobody binder in the Protein Data Bank. Remarkably,
in just a single round of experimental testing, we find at least one successful hit for 50% of targets,
often with strong affinities and favorable drug-like profiles. Beyond antibody design, Chai-2 achieves
a 68% wet-lab success rate in miniprotein design – routinely yielding picomolar binders. The high
success rate of Chai-2 enables rapid experimental validation and characterization of novel antibodies
in under two weeks, paving the way toward a new era of rapid and precise atomic-level molecular
engineering.
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