HyperAIHyperAI

Command Palette

Search for a command to run...

Multi-agent cooperation through in-context co-player inference

Marissa A. Weis Maciej Wołczyk Rajai Nasser Rif A. Saurous Blaise Agüera y Arcas João Sacramento Alexander Meulemans

Abstract

Achieving cooperation among self-interested agents remains a fundamental challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning. Recent work showed that mutual cooperation can be induced between "learning-aware" agents that account for and shape the learning dynamics of their co-players. However, existing approaches typically rely on hardcoded, often inconsistent, assumptions about co-player learning rules or enforce a strict separation between "naive learners" updating on fast timescales and "meta-learners" observing these updates. Here, we demonstrate that the in-context learning capabilities of sequence models allow for co-player learning awareness without requiring hardcoded assumptions or explicit timescale separation. We show that training sequence model agents against a diverse distribution of co-players naturally induces in-context best-response strategies, effectively functioning as learning algorithms on the fast intra-episode timescale. We find that the cooperative mechanism identified in prior work-where vulnerability to extortion drives mutual shaping-emerges naturally in this setting: in-context adaptation renders agents vulnerable to extortion, and the resulting mutual pressure to shape the opponent's in-context learning dynamics resolves into the learning of cooperative behavior. Our results suggest that standard decentralized reinforcement learning on sequence models combined with co-player diversity provides a scalable path to learning cooperative behaviors.


Build AI with AI

From idea to launch — accelerate your AI development with free AI co-coding, out-of-the-box environment and best price of GPUs.

AI Co-coding
Ready-to-use GPUs
Best Pricing

HyperAI Newsletters

Subscribe to our latest updates
We will deliver the latest updates of the week to your inbox at nine o'clock every Monday morning
Powered by MailChimp