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Grid computing provides a model for solving large-scale computing problems by exploiting the unused resources (CPU cycles and disk storage) of a large number of heterogeneous computers (usually desktop computers) as a virtual computer cluster embedded in a distributed telecommunications infrastructure.It is a computing infrastructure that combines geographically distributed computer resources to achieve a common goal.Grid computing pools all the unused resources on multiple computers and uses them to perform a single task. Organizations use grid computing to perform large tasks or solve complex problems that are difficult to handle on a single computer.

For example, meteorologists use grid computing for weather modeling. Weather modeling is a computationally intensive problem that requires complex data management and analysis. Processing large amounts of weather data on a single computer is slow and time-consuming. Instead, meteorologists run their analysis on geographically dispersed grid computing infrastructures and combine the results.

Grid computing is generally divided into three categories: computational grid, data grid, and data grid.

The Importance of Grid Computing

Organizations use grid computing for several reasons.

efficiency:Using grid computing, a large and complex task can be broken down into multiple subtasks. Multiple computers can process the subtasks simultaneously, making grid computing an efficient computing solution.
cost:Grid computing works on existing hardware, which means you can reuse existing computers, save costs while accessing excess computing resources, and cost-effectively access resources in the cloud.
flexibility: Grid computing is not limited to a specific building or location. You can build a grid computing network that spans multiple areas. This allows researchers in different countries to collaborate using the same supercomputing power.

Components in Grid Computing

In grid computing, a network of computers works together to perform the same task. Following are the components of a grid computing network.

node: Computers or servers on a grid computing network are called nodes. Each node provides unused computing resources such as CPU, memory, and storage to the grid network. At the same time, you can also use the node to perform other unrelated tasks. There is no limit to the number of nodes in grid computing. There are three main types of nodes: control nodes, provider nodes, and user nodes.
Grid Middleware: Grid middleware is a specialized software application that connects computing resources in a grid operation with higher-level applications. For example, it handles your request for additional processing power for a grid computing system. It controls users' share of available resources to prevent grid computers from being overwhelmed. Grid middleware also provides security to prevent resource abuse in grid computing.
Grid computing architecture: Grid architecture represents the internal structure of a grid computer. The following layers are widely present in a grid node: The top layer consists of high-level applications, such as those that perform predictive modeling. The second layer, also known as the middleware, manages and allocates resources requested by applications. The third layer consists of available computer resources, such as CPU, memory, and storage. The bottom layer allows computers to connect to the grid computing network.

References

【1】https://aws.amazon.com/cn/what-is/grid-computing/?nc1=h_ls

【2】https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E6%A0%BC%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97