The synchronization of brain and spinal cord activity is essential for complex human functions such as pain perception, motor control, and emotional regulation. While the brain serves as the central command center for decision-making, the spinal cord plays a critical role in signal transmission and reflex modulation. Their seamless interaction ensures coordinated communication between the body and consciousness. However, traditional MRI technologies have long faced technical limitations—particularly in spatial coverage and signal-to-noise ratio—making it difficult to simultaneously capture neural activity across both the brain and spinal cord in a single scan. As a result, most neuroimaging studies have focused on either the brain or the spinal cord in isolation, hindering a holistic understanding of central nervous system dynamics. Recently, a research team led by Dr. Kong Yazhuo at the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has developed a breakthrough solution. They optimized a synchronized brain-spinal cord functional MRI protocol and established a comprehensive data analysis and quality control pipeline, named CoSpine. This work was published in Scientific Data as an open-access database, making the method and data widely available to the global neuroscience community. The CoSpine imaging protocol enables single-fovea, high-resolution acquisition across the entire brain, brainstem, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord. By integrating multiband parallel imaging with advanced parallel reconstruction algorithms, the method maintains a high spatial resolution of 1.5 mm while significantly improving temporal sampling efficiency and image quality. This allows continuous, synchronized recording of neural signals from the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord in a single scan, providing a powerful new tool for studying brain-spinal cord functional interactions. Beyond imaging, the team developed a complete data processing and analysis framework. The pipeline standardizes the entire workflow—from data acquisition and preprocessing to spatial normalization—using a combination of established international software tools, with key algorithmic improvements tailored to the unique anatomical challenges of the spinal cord. To enhance signal reliability, the approach incorporates real-time monitoring of respiratory and cardiac signals, applying physiological noise modeling to reduce motion and pulsation artifacts. Additionally, to address magnetic field inhomogeneities—common sources of geometric distortion and signal loss in the brainstem and spinal cord—the protocol includes local shimming optimization and reverse-phase B₀ correction strategies, resulting in significantly improved image fidelity. Validation of the method was conducted across two imaging sites, involving 61 healthy participants. The dataset includes synchronized brain-spinal cord functional and structural MRI scans, task paradigms, and physiological recordings. Two well-established experimental tasks—classic contact heat pain and active motor tasks—were used to demonstrate the robustness and sensitivity of the CoSpine framework across different neural systems. The CoSpine database is now publicly available on the OpenNeuro platform and its analysis code and documentation are hosted on GitHub (LINIP-share/CoSpine). This open resource is expected to accelerate research into brain-spinal cord interactions, offering a standardized, high-quality method for studying the integrated function of the central nervous system. The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology.