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Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wild
Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wild
Liu Ziwei Luo Ping Wang Xiaogang Tang Xiaoou
Abstract
Predicting face attributes in the wild is challenging due to complex facevariations. We propose a novel deep learning framework for attribute predictionin the wild. It cascades two CNNs, LNet and ANet, which are fine-tuned jointlywith attribute tags, but pre-trained differently. LNet is pre-trained bymassive general object categories for face localization, while ANet ispre-trained by massive face identities for attribute prediction. This frameworknot only outperforms the state-of-the-art with a large margin, but also revealsvaluable facts on learning face representation. (1) It shows how the performances of face localization (LNet) and attributeprediction (ANet) can be improved by different pre-training strategies. (2) It reveals that although the filters of LNet are fine-tuned only withimage-level attribute tags, their response maps over entire images have strongindication of face locations. This fact enables training LNet for facelocalization with only image-level annotations, but without face bounding boxesor landmarks, which are required by all attribute recognition works. (3) It also demonstrates that the high-level hidden neurons of ANetautomatically discover semantic concepts after pre-training with massive faceidentities, and such concepts are significantly enriched after fine-tuning withattribute tags. Each attribute can be well explained with a sparse linearcombination of these concepts.